Immiscibility between dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and polar solvents used for poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) solutions. leads to failed light-emitting diodes when colloidal cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles capped with thiophenol are incorporated to their active layer. To prevent this. a heat treatment is applied to the CdS nanoparticles in order to evaporate DMSO solvent. https://www.markymarkscott.com/product-category/platinium-ammonia-free/